In our previous work, phenol adsorption on X/AC composite material has been studied, and this material showed an excellent adsorption capacity attributed to the existence of activated carbon. This composite material has the combination of the adsorptive properties of zeolite and activated carbon, and its applications have emerged in the wastewater treatment industries. However, elutrilithe is a kaolinite-rich gangue containing aluminosilicate, according to the chemical composition of the raw material, and zeolites/activated carbon composites can be obtained, by a process consisting of carbonization, activation, and subsequent hydrothermal transformation of aluminosilicate in alkaline solution. So much solid waste not only occupies a large area of farmland but also causes ecological damage, such as air pollution and water pollution. Moreover, the number is a steady increase of about 130 million tons each year. However, the collection and processing of these raw materials are the major engineering problems to be solved in the case of commercializing those waste-originated zeolites.Įlutrilithe, an unusable solid waste, is widely discharged and piled up outside the coal mines in China. Mishra and Tiwari found that zeolite 13X originated from Indian fly ash had a good sorption property for metal ions at acidic pH. reported that zeolite Y synthesized from rice husk ash waste was found to have higher adsorption capacity than mordenite for ammonium removal, and the equilibrium isotherm proved its monolayer adsorption. In recent years, many researchers have investigated ammoniacal nitrogen removal from aqueous solutions by using eco-friendly material, such as the zeolites derived from agricultural waste, fly ash, or industrial waste. demonstrated that both the natural Turkish clinoptilolite and Chinese zeolite had strong ability to remove ammonium from aqueous solutions.
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ĭue to the excellent ion exchange ability and high surface area, natural zeolites and synthetic zeolites are employed to remove the ammoniacal nitrogen from aqueous solution by the ion exchange method. Compared with the other methods, ion exchange is more attractive owing to the advantages of simple operation and high effectiveness. So, the drive to remove the ammoniacal nitrogen with high concentration has motivated a significant increase in research activities. However, the biological processes are usually helpless in dealing with the solution containing high concentration ammonium ions. Among these technologies, biological processes as one of the most widely used technologies are effective for wastewater with low concentration ammonium ions but require complicated configurations and process routing. The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen has attracted great attention in wastewater treatment.įor the water treatment, several methods such as chemical precipitation, biological processes, ion exchange, and adsorption have been taken and applied to the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewater. Among them, high concentration of ammonium ions is the a major pollutant and is harmful to animal and human health and also attacks the water plumbing systems. Many researchers have developed different methods and materials to remove the contaminants. Water pollution, such as heavy metals, dyes, organic, and inorganic pollutants, is a serious problem for the human being with the rapid urbanization, industrialization, and technological innovations in various disciplines. Further, as a novel sorbent, this material has the potential application in removing ammoniacal nitrogen coexisting with other organic compounds from industrial wastewater. It can be inferred that ammoniacal nitrogen removal by X/AC composite is attributed to the ion exchange ability of zeolite X.
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Thermodynamic properties such as, , and were determined for the ammoniacal nitrogen adsorption, and the positive enthalpy confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic.
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This explains the ammoniacal nitrogen adsorption onto X/AC which was chemical adsorption in nature. The adsorption kinetics is best depicted by pseudosecond-order model, and the adsorption isotherm fits the Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson model. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic were studied and fitted by various models. Zeolite X/activated carbon composite material (X/AC) was prepared from elutrilithe, by a process consisting of carbonization, activation, and subsequent hydrothermal transformation of aluminosilicate in alkaline solution, which was used for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from aqueous solutions.